2 Tahun Perjalanan Di Labsky

Sabtu, 11 Juli 2009 merupakan hari pertama saya mengenakan seragam putih abu-abu. Saat itu tepat pukul 07.00 saya sudah berada di SMA Labschool Kebayoran, sekolah yang akan menjadi tempat saya menimba ilmu selama tiga tahun ke depan. Hari itu saya datang untuk mengikuti kegiatan Pra Masa Orientasi Siswa atau Pra MOS. Ketika Pra MOS inilah saya bertemu dengan wajah-wajah baru yang akan saya temui setiap hari selama 3 tahun ke depan. Dalam Pra MOS ini, kami dijelaskan teknis kegiatan-kegiatan yang akan berlangsung selamas MOS yang akan dimulai hari Seninnya. Kami dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok besar. Saat itu saya tergabung dalam kelompok terakhir. Bersama kelompok inilah saya akan mengikuti MOS selama 3 hari. Selain itu, kami juga diberikan contoh name tag yang harus kami buat sebagai name tag MOS. Saya sangat terkejut ketika pertama kali melihat desain name tag tersebut. Desainnya sangat rumit dan detail. Saya berpikir bagaimana caranya agar saya dapat menyelesaikan name tag serumit ini sedangkan saya hanya mempunyai waktu 2 hari untuk menyelesaikannya. Akhirnya saya dapat menyelesaikan name tag tersebut dengan bantuan ibu saya.

Kegiatan MOS dimulai pada tanggal 13 Juli 2009. Itulah hari pertama saya resmi menjadi “anak SMA”. Rasa senang sekaligus takut bercampur aduk menjadi satu. Senang karena akhirnya saya sampai juga pada masa yang katanya orang-orang “masa-masa paling indah”. Takut karena saya belum beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang baru. Kegiatan MOS mengharuskan saya untuk datang pukul 05.00 karena pada pukul 05.30 kami akan lari pagi. Karena rumah yang jauh dari sekolah, setiap hari saya harus berangkat dari rumah pada pukul 04.00. Kegiatan MOS sangat melelahkan, apalagi baru selesai pada pukul 15.00. 

Dalam kegiatan MOS, kami banyak diperkenalkan budaya-budaya labschool. Untungnya, sebelumnya saya bersekolah di SMP Labschool Cinere jadi saya tidak perlu banyak beradaptasi dengan budaya-budaya labschool karena sebelumnya sudah diperkenalkan ketika SMP. Hal yang paling saya ingat dalam MOS adalah kegiatan PBB. Ketika itu kami dijemur oleh kakak-kakak OSIS di lapangan dan dites PBB. Saat itu saya sangat takut jika saya melakukan kesalahan ketika PBB. Selain itu, makanan ketika MOS juga hal yang paling saya ingat. Kakak-kakak OSIS tidak begitu saja memberitahu makanan apa saja yang harus kami bawa. Mereka memberikan clue khusus untuk kami, jadi kami harus mencari tahu sendiri. Pada hari terakhir MOS, pembagian kelas X diumumkan. Saya sangat deg-degan menunggu pengumuman tersebut karena penasaran siapa yang akan menjadi teman sekelas saya. Saya ternyata tergabung dalam kelas X-E dan saya sekelas dengan satu teman SMP saya.

Masa-masa awal kelas X terasa sangat berat. Saya harus beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang baru. Bukan hanya beradaptasi dengan teman-teman dan guru-guru saja tapi juga dengan pelajaran SMA. Pelajaran di SMA lebih banyak. Saya mendapat tambahan mata pelajaran Bahasa Jepang sebagai tambahan bahasa asing lain selain Bahasa Inggris. Selain itu, pelajaran seperti Geografi dan Sosiologi yang ketika SMP digabung sekarang juga dipisah. Jadi, kurang lebih terdapat 16 mata pelajaran di kelas X. Pelajaran yang sangat banyak dan gaya mengajar guru yang berbeda ketika di SMP membuat saya sulit mengikuti pelajaran dengan baik pada awalnya. Waktu yang dihabiskan untuk membahas 1 bab hingga selesai sangat cepat. Alhasil, nilai-nilai ulangan saya pun jeblok. Remed-remed pun menumpuk. Belum selesai remed pelajaran yang satu, remed pelajaran lain pun sudah menunggu. Belum lagi tugas-tugas yang begitu banyak. Saya baru sampai rumah malam dan langsung mengerjakan tugas atau belajar untuk ulangan keesokan harinya. Rasa-rasanya saya tidak dapat menikmati masa-masa saya sebagai murid kelas X. Yang saya rasakan hanya capai. Keadaan ini sempat membuat saya stress. Saya memutuskan untuk les privat untuk membantu pelajaran saya di sekolah. Setelah saya les privat, pelajaran di sekolah sedikit terbantu. Saya mulai mengerti pelajaran di sekolah, meskipun beberapa pelajaran ada yang tetap remedial. Pengalaman ini justru yang membuat kelas saya, X-E semakin kompak. Dalam satu ulangan, bisa setengah kelas yang remedial. Masa-masa sulit dan melelahkan ini kami lalui bersama. Kami saling menyemangati satu sama lain.

Selain itu, di kelas X juga terdapat berbagai kegiatan wajib yang harus kami ikuti. Kegiatan tersebut adalah Pesantren Ramadhan (PILAR), Trip Observasi, dan Bintama.

Selama Pesantren Ramadhan, kami menginap selama 3 hari 2 malam di sekolah. Kami dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok. Kami dibimbing langsung oleh kakak-kakak yang didatangkan langsung dari Pesantren Darut Tauhid, Bandung. Kami diberikan siraman rohani tetapi dengan cara yang menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan. Aa Gym juga sempat datang mengunjungi kami dan memberikan sedikit ceramah. Selain itu, terdapat juga kegiatan Outbound. Meskipun outbound sangat melelahkan karena kami dalam kondisi sedang berpuasa, tapi tetap menyenangkan.

Setelah Pesantren Ramadhan, kegiatan wajib berikutnya yaitu Trip Observasi. Trip Observasi merupakan kegiatan besar yang sangat ditunggu-tunggu. Trip Observasi merupakan kegiatan dimana kami melakukan penelitian di sebuah kampung selama 5 hari 4 malam. Selama melakukan penelitian, kami menginap di rumah penduduk. Selain melakukan penelitian, terdapat berbagai kegiatan lainnya seperti pentas seni, PKD, lintas budaya, dan penjelajahan. Trip Observasi angkatan kami berlokasi di Desa Pasir Muncang, Purwakarta. Sama seperti Pesantren Ramadhan, ketika Trip Observasi kami juga dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok yang masing-masing kelompok beranggotakan 7-9 orang. Pemilihan kelompok dilakukan secara acak sehingga memungkinkan kita untuk sekelompok dengan anak kelas lainnya. Tiap kelompok didampingi oleh 2 kakak PDP dan 1 orang guru. Saya tergabung dalam kelompok Melinting dengan ketua kelompok Reyhan. Selain itu juga terdapat Ais, Adi, Firda, Chya, Lala, dan Naya. Kami didampingu oleh Kak Fira dan Kak Rayi serta Pak Herman.

Sebelum Trip Observasi, kami terlebih dahulu harus mengikuti kegiatan Pra TO. Pada Pra TO ini kami diperkenalkan dengan kegiatan-kegiatan yang akan kami lalui selama TO. Pra TO ini seperti simulasi TO. Pra TO berlangsung selama 3 hari. Pada hari pertama dipakai untuk mengecat tongkat dan membuat nametag. Motif tongkat dan nametag sangat rumit tapi berkat kerjasama kelompok kami dapat menyelesaikannya. Pada hari kedua dan ketiga kami lari pagi dan rutenya pun berbeda seperti lari pagi Jumat. Rute lari pra TO sampai arteri Pondok Indah dan Melawai. Pra TO sangat melelahkan. Pada Pra TO ini merupakan momen yang bersejarah bagi angkatan kami karena pada hari ketiga Pra TO terpilihlah 3 ketua angkatan kami, yaitu Nabel, Danto, dan Olaf. Selain itu kami juga mendapat nama angkatan yaitu “Nawa Drastha Sandyadira” yang mempunyai arti “angkatan 9 yang bermahkotakan persatuan yang kokoh”. Kami juga mendapatkan yel-yel angkatan.

Kegiatan wajib lainnya yaitu Bintama. Bintama merupakan singkatan dari Bina Mental Kepemimpinan Siswa. Kegiatan Bintama berlangsung di Markas Besar Kopassus di Serang, Banten. Selama 6 hari 5 malam kami digembleng oleh para Kopassus. Kami dilatih dan dididik sesuai dengan cara militer. Push up, merayap, jalan jongkok merupakan makanan sehari-hari kami selama Bintama. Tetapi dibalik itu kami juga mendapatkan pengalaman yang berharga karena tidak semua orang mempunya kesempatan untuk dilatih oleh Kopassus. Semua ini bertujuan agar kami dapat disiplin dalam segala hal yang kami lakukan. Bintama awalnya terasa lama dan sangat mengerikan. Tersimpan rasa jengkel pada para pelatih yang hampir selalu membentak kami, tetapi kemudian muncul rasa sedih ketika kami hendak pulang. Begitu banyak pengalaman yang telah kami lalui bersama para pelatih selama 6 hari 5 malam telah mengubah pandangan kami terhadap mereka.

Selain tiga kegiatan wajib tersebut, terdapat pula kegiatan lainnya yang kebanyakan merupakan kegiatan OSIS seperti Sky Battle, Sky League, Sky Lite, Sky Avenue, Hunting On The Trip, Jakarta In Global, dan lain-lain. Saya juga mengikuti kegiatan Lapinsi atau Latihan Kepemimpinan Siswa. Lapinsi merupakan kegiatan yang wajib diikuti bagi mereka yang ingin menjadi anggota OSIS atau MPK. Dalam Lapinsi ini kami diajarkan dasar-dasar mengenai organisasi.

Selanjutnya setelah Lapinsi, saya mengikuti kegiatan TPO yaitu Tes Potensi Organisasi. TPO merupakan tahap lanjutan dari Lapinsi. Bagi mereka yang ingin menjadi anggota OSIS, maka setelah Lapinsi wajib mengikuti TPO. TPO terdiri dari 3 tes, yaitu tes fisik, tes agama, dan tes makalah.

Pembagian rapot kenaikan kelas adalah hal yang paling ditunggu-tunggu. Rasa penasaran dan cemas campur aduk menjadi satu. Alhamdulillah nilai saya mencukupi untuk masuk ke dalam kelas IPA. Kabar menyenangkan ini melengkapi kabar baik yang sudah terlebih dahulu datang yaitu saya juga lulus TPO dan menjadi calon pengurus OSIS untuk tahun kepengurusan berikutnya.

Juli 2010. Saya sudah berada di kelas XI IPA. Sekarang saya berada di kelas XI IPA 1. Masa-masa kelas XI merupakan masa yang paling saya tunggu karena katanya kelas XI merupakan masa yang paling menyenangkan di SMA. Saya pun optimis dengan pendapat orang-orang tersebut. Kelas XI ini akan dipenuhi dengan berbagai macam kegiatan dimana angkatan kami yang akan berada dibalik kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut. Serentetan kegiatan OSIS yang dibantu oleh seluruh angkatan seperti SkyBattle dan SkyAvenue akan segera kembali dilaksanakan.

Berbeda dengan kelas X, di kelas XI ini, tidak lagi 16 mata pelajaran yang saya pelajari. Saat ini saya dapat focus pada 4 pelajaran jurusan, yaitu matematika, biologi, fisika, dan kimia. Ketika awal masuk kelas IPA, saya agak mumet dan bosan dengan pelajarannya. Setiap hari bertemu rumus dan pelajarannya pun juga semakin sulit.

Masa awal kelas XI sangat melelahkan. Dimulai dari membantu kakak-kakak OSIS menyukseskan MOS, latihan Lalinju, tes seksi OSIS, sampai tugas ulangan yang menumpuk.

Latihan Lalinju dilakukan tiga kali seminggu. Latihan ini dilakukan agar kami kuat mengikuti Lalinju. Kami harus berada di sekolah pukul 05.30. Setelah itu kami berlari secara konstan dengan rute yang cukup jauh, tidak sama dengan rute lari Jumat biasa. Kami lari sampai ke Arteri Pondok Indah dan Melawai.

Tes seksi juga tidak kalah melelahkan. Saat itu saya mengikuti tes seksi Bendahara dan Publikasi & Dokumentasi. Saya harus mempersiapkan hal-hal yang diperlukan untuk tes tersebut. Seperti membuat proposal dan poster. Sayangnya, saya tidak terpilih menjadi seksi Bendahara ataupun Publikasi & Dokumentasi. Akhirnya saya mengikuti tes ketiga yaitu tes seksi Edukasi dan terpilih menjadi calon anggota seksi Edukasi berikutnya.

9 Agustus 2010. Hari itu merupakan hari yang bersejarah. Hari itu merupakan hari pelaksanaan Lari Lintas Juang atau Lalinju. Lalinju merupakan salah satu rangkaian kegiatan pelantikan OSIS dan MPK periode berikutnya serta penurunan jabatan OSIS dan MPK periode sebelumnya. Lalinju dilakukan sejauh 17 km dari Taman Makam Pahlawan sampai SMA Labschool Kebayoran. Lalinju biasanya dilaksanakan pada tanggal 17 Agustus, tetapi berhubung tanggal 17 Agustus 2010 jatuh ketika bulan puasa maka kegiatan lalinju pun dimajukan. Hari itu saya resmi dikukuhkan menjadi calon pengurus OSIS periode 2010-2011 dan pelantikan selanjutnya akan dilaksanakan pada 17 Agustus 2010. Pada 17 Agustus 2010, bertempat di Hall Basket, seluruh calon pengurus OSIS resmi dilantik menjadi pengurus OSIS periode 2010-2011.

Pada awal semester 2, seluruh kelas XI melaksanakan studi lapangan ke Jogja. Kami berada disana selama 3 hari 2 malam. Kami menginap di Grand Quality Hotel. Selama di sana kami melakukan kunjungan ke berbagai tempat. Bagi kelas IPA, kami mengunjungi PT Sritex, PT Air Mancur dan AAU. Selain itu kami juga diberikan waktu bebas di Malioboro. Pada malam kedua kami menyaksikan sendratari Ramayana di Candi Prambanan. Meskipun singkat, perjalanan ini sangat mengasyikkan.

Selanjutnya seminggu setelah studi lapangan, satu proyek kerja besar sudah menunggu, yakni SkyBattle 2011! SkyBattle merupakan kompetisi olahraga dan seni antar SMA se-Jabodetabek. SkyBattle dengan tema Gladiator ini berlangsung selama satu minggu. Alhamdulillah SkyBattle 2011 berlangsung dengan sukses dan memuaskan.

Pada bulan Mei 2011, tepatnya tanggal 13-15 Mei diadakan Jakarta In Global atau JIG. Kegiatan ini merupakan program kerja terbesar Seksi Edukasi. JIG merupakan sebuah kompetisi berbahasa Inggris yang terdiri dari debate, speech contest, dan spelling bee. Pelaksanaan JIG saat itu bertepatan juga dengan SkyNation yang merupakan program kerja Seksi Bela Negara. Alhamdulillah, kedua program kerja tersebut berjalan dengan lancar.

Bulan Juni merupakan bulan yang membahagiakan bagi Nawa Drastha Sandyadira. Meskipun sempat terdengar kabar bahwa angkatan kami ada yang veter, tapi alhamdulillah kabar tersebut ternyata tidak benar dan kami pun naik ke kelas XII 100%. Saya juga senang karena nilai saya mengalami peningkatan dari semester sebelumnya. Saya berharap angkatan Nawa Drastha Sandyadira dapat lebih sukses di kelas XII. Semoga kami semua lulus UN 100% dan dapat masuk ke universitas yang diinginkan. Amin :)

Ambil Saweran

The Jakarta History Museum

On Saturday, October 8th 2011, I went to Jakarta History Museum (also known as Fatahillah Museum) it is housed in the former City Hall located in the old part of the city now known as Kota, some hundred meters behind the port and warehouses of Sunda Kelapa.  Jakarta History Museum is located in the building which was the former City Hall of Batavia, known in the past as Stadhuis. This building was the administrative headquarters of the Dutch East India Company and later of the Dutch Colonial Government. The current building was constructed in 1707 by the city government, replacing the former city hall built in 1627. Governor General Abraham van Riebeeck inaugurated it in 1710.

The building contains 37 ornate rooms. There are also some cells located beneath the front portico which were used as dungeons and filthy water. Most prisoners, both Dutch rebels and Indonesian were publicly flogged, barbarically impaled and executed on the square called the Stadhuisplein--now known as  Fatahillah Square--while the Dutch overlords looked down superciliously on the proceedings below from the portico and windows above. A Javanese freedom fighter Prince Diponegoro, who was treacherously arrested, was imprisoned here in 1830 before being banished to Manado, North Sulawesi. Another freedom fighter earlier imprisoned here around 1670 was Untung Suropati from East Java.

Stadhuisplein, Fatahillah square.

This building is located in front of a public square, which in the past was known as Stadhuisplein, the City Hall Square. In the center of the square is a fountain which was used as a water supply during colonial era. Also located in the square is a Portuguese cannon (known as Si Jagur Cannon) with a hand ornament showing a fico gesture, which is believed by local people to be able to induce fertility on women. The square was also used as the place of executions.

Execution part.

 In 1970, the Fatahillah Square was declared a Cultural Heritage. This effort was the beginning of the development of the historical area of the City of Jakarta, carried out by the Government of DKI Jakarta. The Jakarta History Museum was inaugurated on 30 March 1974 as the center for collection (displays the history of Jakarta from prehistoric days to the founding of the town of Jayakarta in 1527 by Prince Fatahillah of Banten and through Dutch colonization from the 16th century onwards until Indonesia’s Independence in 1945) conservation and research for all kinds of objects of cultural heritage related to the history of the City of Jakarta. The building's generous scale with massive timber beams and floorbands.

These are the old stuffs from the prehistoric age.

Jakarta History Museum has a collection of around 23,500 objects, some of them inherited from de Oude Bataviasche Museum (now the Wayang Museum). The collection includes objects from the Dutch East Indies Company, historic maps, paintings, ceramics, furnitures, and archeological objects from the prehistoric era such as ancient inscriptions and sword. museum. Jakarta History Museum also contains the richest collection of Betawi style furnitures from the 17th to the 19th century. The collections are divided into several rooms such as Prehistoric Jakarta Room, Tarumanegara Room, Jayakarta Room, Fatahillah Room, Sultan Agung Room, and MH Thamrin Room.

Hermes Statue.

In the Greek mythology Hermes was the God of fortune, protector for the traders, and the news sender God. Hermes Statue at the garden side in the museum was a grant from the Ernst Stolz family to thank Batavia governor for the opportunity to trade in Nederland Indies.

Prison Underground.

The prison located underneath the building under the garden side in the museum. The hall shaped as half round, dark and musty. The wall of the prison made of concretes with iron bars at the front side. You still can see the iron balls as sized as volleyball which used to be tied up to the prisoners feet.

Si Jago Cannon.

Si Jagur cannon was from in Macao. The cannon was brought to Malako by the Portugal fleet that was dominating Malaka at that time. In 1641 the Dutch fleet brought the cannon to Batavia. The weight of Si Jagur cannon is 3.5 tons with length of 3.84 meters and 25 cm diameter of the pitch. There’s a script “Ex me ipsa renata sum” written on the cannon, which means “from myself, I’m reborn”. Some people believe that Si Jagur cannon is the symbol of fertility, may be because of the script and the how the finger shaped at the back end of its body.

The museum also contains a replica of the Tugu Inscription from the age of Great King Purnawarman, which is the evidence that the center of the Kingdom of Tarumanegara was located around the seaport of Tanjung Priok on the coast of Jakarta. There is also a replica of the 16th century map of the Portuguese Padrao Monument, a historical evidence of the ancient Sunda Kelapa Harbor.

Further historical evidence of thriving Sunda Kelapa Harbour is in 16th. Century map and replica of the 1522 Padrao monument, commemorating the friendship treaty between the Portuguese and the Sunda kingdom. Furthermore, maps and drawings show the establishment of the City of Jayakarta in 1527 by Prince Fatahillah. While the rich collection of Betawi and Colonial style furniture dating to the 17th, 18th and 19th century belongs to one of the most complete in the world. This collection reflects the influences of various cultural elements on the City of Batavia, namely from Europe, especially from the Netherlands, from China and India as well as from Indonesia itself.

And to bring more life and activities to the Old Batavia square, today, the Jakarta Government has organized regular attractions involving local communities and their cultures. On Sundays, shows are performed presenting the Zapin dance, a combination of Betawi and Middle Eastern influences, the Barongsai Chinese lion dance, the Portuguese influenced keroncong music, the typical Betawi Tanjidor music, batik fashion shows, vintage cars parades, food and souvenirs and fireworks.

Ambil Saweran

Musée du Louvre

Last year, on June 2010 I went to Europe with my friends. Europe is the most-wanted continent I've been dreaming to go. Even though the countries weren't the one I've wanted, but it was so nice to actually been there for the first time. It was such an amazing experience to have. Especially having to see the famous Eiffel Tower, Pisa, and of course the famous painting of Leonardo Davinci, the Monalisa, which I saw at the Musée du Louvre in Paris.

One of the painting on the ceilings

The Musée du Louvre or the Louvre Museum or simply the Louvre – is one of the world's largest museums, themost visited art museum in the world and a historic monument. A central landmark of Paris, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (district). Nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet).The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) which began as a fortress built in the late 12th century under Philip II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of antique sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Académie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum, to display the nation's masterpieces.The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. Because of structural problems with the building, the museum was closed in 1796 until 1801. The size of the collection increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed the Musée Napoléon. After the defeat of Napoléon at Waterloo, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces. Holdings have grown steadily through donations and gifts since the Third Republic. As of 2008, the collection is divided among eight curatorial departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; Prints and Drawings.

Collections

The Musée du Louvre contains more than 380,000 objects and displays 35,000 works of art in eight curatorial departments, which are:

1.     Egyptian Antiquities

2.     Near Easter Antiquities

3.     Greek, Etruscan, and Roman

4.     Islamic Art

5.     Sculpture

6.     Decorative Arts

7.     Painting

8.     Prints and drawings

One of the world-known painting is located in Louvre Museum, which is Mona Lisa.

Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda or La Joconde, or Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo) is a portrait by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. It is a painting in oil on a poplar panel, completed circa 1503–1519. It is on permanent display at the Musée du Louvre in Paris.

The painting is a half-length portrait and depicts a seated woman, Lisa del Giocondo, whose facial expression has been frequently described as enigmatic. The ambiguity of the subject's expression, the monumentality of the composition, and the subtle modeling of forms and atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities that have contributed to the continuing fascination and study of the work. The image is widely recognised, caricatured, and sought out by visitors to the Louvre, and it is considered the most famous painting in the world.

Background

Leonardo Da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 or 1504 in Florence, Italy. According to Da Vinci's contemporary, Giorgio Vasari, "...after he had lingered over it four years, left it unfinished...." It is known that such behavior is common in most paintings of Leonardo who, later in his life, regretted "never having completed a single work”.

He is thought to have continued to work on Mona Lisa for three years after he moved to France and to have finished it shortly before he died in 1519. Leonardo took the painting from Italy to France in 1516 when King François I invited the painter to work at the Clos Lucé near the king's castle in Amboise. Most likely through the heirs of Leonardo's assistant Salai, the king bought the painting for 4,000 écus and kept it at Château Fontainebleau, where it remained until given to Louis XIV. Louis XIV moved the painting to the Palace of Versailles. After the French Revolution, it was moved to the Louvre. Napoleon I had it moved to his bedroom in the Tuileries Palace; later it was returned to the Louvre. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) it was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal.

There has been much speculation regarding the painting's model and landscape. For example, that Leonardo probably painted his model faithfully since her beauty is not seen as being among the best, "even when measured by late quattrocento (15th century) or even twenty-first century standards.” Some art historians in Eastern art, such as Yukio Yashiro, also argue that the landscape in the background of the picture was influenced by Chinese paintings, however this thesis has been contested for lack of clear evidence.

Mona Lisa was not well known until the mid-19th century when artists of the emerging Symbolist movement began to appreciate it, and associated it with their ideas about feminine mystique. Critic Walter Pater, in his 1867 essay on Leonardo, expressed this view by describing the figure in the painting as a kind of mythic embodiment of eternal femininity, who is "older than the rocks among which she sits" and who "has been dead many times and learned the secrets of the grave."

Subject and Title

Mona Lisa is named for Lisa del Giocondo, a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo. The painting was commissioned for their new home and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea. The sitter's identity was ascertained at the University of Heidelberg in 2005 by a library expert who discovered a 1503 margin note written by Agostino Vespucci.

Over the years there have been several alternative views. Some scholars have argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the Mona Lisa referred to by Vasari. Several other individuals have been proposed as the subject of the painting. Sigmund Freud believed that the famous half-smile was a recovered memory of Leonardo's mother. Other suggestions have been Isabella of Naples, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla‎, Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, and Leonardo himself. Today the consensus of art historians is that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo, which has always been the traditional view.

The painting's title stems from a description by Giorgio Vasari in his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife...." (one version in Italian: Prese Lionardo a fare per Francesco del Giocondo il ritratto di mona Lisa sua moglie). In Italian, ma donna means my lady. This became madonna, and its contraction mona. Mona is thus a polite form of address, similar to Ma’am, Madam, or my lady in English. In modern Italian, the short form of madonna is usually spelled Monna, so the title is sometimes Monna Lisa, rarely in English and more commonly in Romance languages such as French and Italian.

At his death in 1525, Leonardo's assistant Salai owned the portrait named in his personal papers la Gioconda which had been bequeathed to him by the artist. Italian for jocund, happy or jovial, Gioconda was a nickname for the sitter, a pun on the feminine form of her married name Giocondo and her disposition. In French, the title La Joconde has the same double meaning.

Aesthetics

Leonardo used a pyramid design to place the woman simply and calmly in the space of the painting. Her folded hands form the front corner of the pyramid. Her breast, neck and face glow in the same light that models her hands. The light gives the variety of living surfaces an underlying geometry of spheres and circles. Leonardo referred to a seemingly simple formula for seated female figure: the images of seated Madonna, which were widespread at the time. He effectively modified this formula in order to create the visual impression of distance between the sitter and the observer. The armrest of the chair functions as a dividing element between Mona Lisa and the viewer.

The woman sits markedly upright with her arms folded, which is also a sign of her reserved posture. Only her gaze is fixed on the observer and seems to welcome him to this silent communication. Since the brightly lit face is practically framed with various much darker elements (hair, veil, shadows), the observer's attraction to it is brought to even greater extent. The woman appears alive to an unusual measure, which Leonardo achieved by his new method not to draw the outlines, "mainly in two features: the corners of the mouth, and the corners of the eyes" (Gombrich), as firmly as that had been the use, before (sfumato). There is no indication of an intimate dialogue between the woman and the observer as is the case in the Portrait of Baldassare Castiglion (Louvre) painted by Raphael about ten years later, and undoubtedly influenced by the work.

The painting was among the first portraits to depict the sitter before an imaginary landscape and Leonardo was one of the first painters to use aerial perspective. The enigmatic woman is portrayed seated in what appears to be an open loggia with dark pillar bases on either side. Behind her a vast landscape recedes to icy mountains. Winding paths and a distant bridge give only the slightest indications of human presence. The sensuous curves of the woman's hair and clothing are echoed in the undulating imaginary valleys and rivers behind her. The blurred outlines, graceful figure, dramatic contrasts of light and dark, and overall feeling of calm are characteristic of Leonardo's style. Owing to the expressive synthesis that Leonardo achieved between sitter and landscape it is arguable whether Mona Lisa should be considered as a traditional portrait, for it represents an ideal rather than a real woman. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter's faint smile—reflects the idea of a link connecting humanity and nature.

Mona Lisa has no clearly visible eyebrows or eyelashes. Some researchers claim that it was common at this time for genteel women to pluck these hairs, as they were considered unsightly. In 2007, French engineer Pascal Cotte announced that his ultra high resolution scans of the painting provide evidence that Mona Lisa was originally painted with eyelashes and with better visible eyebrows, but that these had gradually disappeared over time, perhaps as a result of overcleaning. For modern viewers the nearly-missing eyebrows add to the slightly semi-abstract quality of the face.

Ambil Saweran

National Museum, Kota Kapur Inscription

A TRIP TO THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

On Friday, May 20, 2011 me and my friends, Cintya, Raras, Hana, Adis, Adira, Della, Kiki, Kayrana, Akla, and Eka went to the Museum Gajah or better known as the National Museum. The museum is located in central Jakarta, precisely at Jl. Merdeka Barat 12. We went there with the intent to carry out the third historical task. We left about half past two, after the Friday prayer. In addition to its location far enough away from our schools, rather than Labschool Kebayoran jammed trip to the National Museum takes approximately 1 hour. Arriving there, we pay the entrance fee of Rp. 2000,-.

NATIONAL MUSEUM

National Museum  is located on Jl. Merdeka Barat 12, Jakarta Pusat. Prior to the National Library building located at 27 Jalan Salemba, Central Jakarta was established, including the Museum Gajah's collection of manuscripts of ancient texts. The manuscripts and collections of Museum Gajah are kept in the National Library. National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia is one manifestation of European influence, especially in the time of the spirit of the Enlightenment, which appears at about 18 AD. This building was built in 1862 by the Dutch Government under Governor-General JCM Radermacher in response to the association Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen aimed at reviewing the scientific research in the Netherlands Indies. The museum was inaugurated in 1868, but the institutional forerunner of the Museum was born in 1778, precisely on 24 April, at the time of formation Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen by government are tightly guarded. The conditions of collections with conservation. Mainly is a collection of papers that need careful handling. Often the collection of damaged which replaced with artificial materials. While this reduces the authenticity, but it remains to consider the aesthetic and original works of the conserved form. Reconstruction efforts are often found to replace the badly damaged collections. In general, this museum shows the general attitude in most of Asia who prefer the restoration rather than keeping many authenticate.

The collections comes from archaeological excavations, a collector since the time of grant and the purchase of the Dutch East Indies. Collection of ceramics and ethnographic in National Museum is the largest and most comprehensive in the world. This museum is the first and largest museum in Southeast Asia.

National Museum collects a lot of ancient objects from around the archipelago. Among other things belonging to the collection are ancient statues, inscriptions, objects and other ancient craft items. The collection is categorized into the ethnography, bronze, prehistoric, ceramics, textiles, numismatic, historical relics, and other valuable objects.

First of all we visited the archipelago located in the old building. There are collections of ancient objects from around the archipelago. The collection consists of various kinds, ranging from statues, handicraft items, textiles, ceramics, historical relics, and other valuables from various places. After visiting the archipelago, we visited the new building, where the ancient collections are more diverse. Building with 4 floor has a wide range of collections such as inscriptions, custom homes, jewelry, fabrics, and so forth. I also chose to take the inscription of the City of Lime as my historical task.

KOTA KAPUR INSCRIPTION

Kota Kapur Inscription is the Srivijaya  archaeological found on the west coast island of Bangka. This inscription is located in the village of Kota Kapur, District of West Mendo, Regency of Bangka, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. More precisely, the site is situated in Mendo River which empties into the Strait of Bangka. This inscription is named according to the invention of a small hamlet called "Kota Kapur". The inscription on the stele is written in script Pallawa and use the Old Malay language, and is one of the oldest document written in Malay. The inscription was discovered by J.K. van der Meulen in December 1892. The inscription was first analyzed by H. Kern, an expert in epigraphy who worked on the Dutch in Batavia Genootschap Bataviaasch. At first he considered "Srivijaya" is the name of a king. George Coedes who later revealed that Srivijaya was credited with the name of a great empire in Sumatra in the 7th century AD, the powerful empire and once ruled the western part of the Archipelago, Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand.

The existence of Kota Kapur Inscription is very closely related to the Bangka Strait waters are often crossed by boats of local fishermen and foreign. Historically, in the 1700s in the river that were located about 21 miles from Kota Kapur (Penagan) is often the case of robbery against ships passing by the robbers and pirates are lurking around the Strait of Bangka (Kota Kapur and surrounding areas) . The news about the rampant piracy is heard by the King of Srivijaya, Sultan Akhmad Badaruddin. In response to these conditions, the King of Srivijaya sent troops to eliminate them. Envoy King Srivijaya conquered the robbers and bandits. Then, so that no more disruption to passing ships and also endanger the kingdom of Srivijaya, there was made an inscription which contains the agreement of the robbers with the King of Srivijaya. The inscription was later known as the Kota Kapur Inscription, because the inscription was made in Kota Kapur. Inscription agreement contains audience loyalty that goes in the power of Srivijaya, including the island of Bangka and surroundings, and be obedient and submissive to all rules and regulations established by the King of Srivijaya, and the elimination of all forms of robbery and rebellion in each territory of Sriwijaya.

The inscription was once buried in the ground because it is not treated. In 1892 the inscription was discovered by JK. Fander Meulend (Dutch), which at that time served as Administrator in Sungai Selan. The carving on the stele consists of ten lines by using the script Pallawa in Sanskrit. In 1978, the area of the site was found by villagers pedestal inscription Kota Kapur. The inscription which has a length of 30 cm, width 52 cm, and weighs 7 kg is now being home interpreter Site maintained by Kota Kapur. In this area of research has been conducted twice by the National Archaeological Team in collaboration with the Archaeological Team of France in 1994 and 1995. In this site, visitors can see ruins of the temple at the time of the kingdom of Srivijaya, dozens of ceramics, the castle ground about three feet tall, trench under the former fortress-like tunnel excavation the archaeologists who are looking for a building structure foundation inscription of the temple and the former of Kota Kapur, pavilion-like buildings that store historical items, and pieces of well-preserved statue. In this area there is a standing stone archway resembling a height of about 75 feet as a sign of the discovery of this site by JK. Fander Meulend. This area is an area that many historical sites reveal the old stories about the glory of the kingdom of Srivijaya, making it suitable for visitors to tread history trail (memorial journey or a trip to historical sites) of Sriwijaya in defeating the robbers and pirates.

Kota Kapur Inscription is one of five stone inscription made by Dapunta curse Hiyaŋ, a ruler of Srivijaya Kadātuan. This is complete contents of the inscription Lime City, as transcribed and translate by Coedes:

Siddha titam hamba nvari i avai kandra kayet ni paihumpaan namuha ulu lavan tandrun luah makamatai tandrun luah vinunu paihumpaan hakairum muah kayet ni humpa unai tunai.

Umentern bhakti ni ulun haraki. unai tunai kita savanakta devata mahardika sannidhana. manraksa yan kadatuan çrivijaya. kita tuvi tandrun luah vanakta devata mulana yan parsumpahan.

paravis. kadadhi yan uran didalanna bhami paravis hanun. Samavuddhi lavan drohaka, manujari drohaka, niujari drohaka talu din drohaka. tida ya.

Marppadah tida ya bhakti. tida yan tatvarjjawa diy aku. dngan diiyan nigalarku sanyasa datua. dhava vuathana uran inan nivunuh ya sumpah nisuruh tapik ya mulan parvvanda datu çriwi-

jaya. Talu muah ya dnan gotrasantanana. tathapi savankna yan vuatna jahat. makalanit uran. makasuit. makagila. mantra gada visaprayoga. udu tuwa. tamval.

Sarambat. kasihan. vacikarana.ityevamadi. janan muah ya sidha. pulan ka iya muah yan dosana vuatna jahat inan tathapi nivunuh yan sumpah talu muah ya mulam yam manu-

ruh marjjahati. yan vatu nipratishta ini tuvi nivunuh ya sumpah talu, muah ya mulan. saranbhana uran drohaka tida bhakti tatvarjjava diy aku, dhava vua-

tna niwunuh ya sumpah ini gran kadachi iya bhakti tatvjjava diy aku. dngan di yam nigalarku sanyasa dattua. çanti muah kavuatana. dngan gotrasantanana.

Samrddha svasthi niroga nirupadrava subhiksa muah vanuana paravis chakravarsatita 608 din pratipada çuklapaksa vulan vaichaka. tatkalana

Yan manman sumpah ini. nipahat di velana yan vala çrivijaya kalivat manapik yan bhumi java tida bhakti ka çrivijaya.

Translation (In Bahasa Indonesia)

Keberhasilan ! (disertai mantra persumpahan yang tidak dipahami artinya)

Wahai sekalian dewata yang berkuasa, yang sedang berkumpul dan melindungi Kadātuan Śrīwijaya ini; kamu sekalian dewa-dewa yang mengawali permulaan segala sumpah !

Bilamana di pedalaman semua daerah yang berada di bawah Kadātuan ini akan ada orang yang memberon tak yang bersekongkol dengan para pemberontak, yang berbicara dengan pemberontak, yang mendengarkan kata pemberontak;

yang mengenal pemberontak, yang tidak berperilaku hormat, yang tidak takluk, yang tidak setia pada saya dan pada mereka yang oleh saya diangkat sebagai datu; biar orang-orang yang menjadi pelaku perbuatan-perbuatan tersebut mati kena kutuk biar sebuah ekspedisi untuk melawannya seketika di bawah pimpinan datu atau beberapa datu Śrīwijaya, dan biar mereka

dihukum bersama marga dan keluarganya. Lagipula biar semua perbuatannya yang jahat; seperti meng ganggu :ketenteraman jiwa orang, membuat orang sakit, membuat orang gila, menggunakan mantra, racun, memakai racun upas dan tuba, ganja,

saramwat, pekasih, memaksakan kehendaknya pada orang lain dan sebagainya, semoga perbuatan-perbuatan itu tidak berhasil dan menghantam mereka yang bersalah melakukan perbuatan jahat itu; biar pula mereka mati kena kutuk. Tambahan pula biar mereka yang menghasut orang

supaya merusak, yang merusak batu yang diletakkan di tempat ini, mati juga kena kutuk; dan dihukum langsung. Biar para pembunuh, pemberontak, mereka yang tak berbakti, yang tak setia pada saya, biar pelaku perbuatan tersebut

mati kena kutuk. Akan tetapi jika orang takluk setia kepada saya dan kepada mereka yang oleh saya diangkat sebagai datu, maka moga-moga usaha mereka diberkahi, juga marga dan keluarganya

dengan keberhasilan, kesentosaan, kesehatan, kebebas an dari bencana, kelimpahan segala­nya untuk semua negeri mereka ! Tahun Śaka 608, hari pertama paruh terang bulan Waisakha (28 Februari 686 Masehi), pada saat itulah

kutukan ini diucapkan; pemahatannya berlangsung ketika bala tentara Śrīwijaya baru berangkat untuk menyerang bhūmi jāwa yang tidak takluk kepada Śrīwijaya.

This inscription is carved on a stone monument shaped triangular-facet with a height 177 cm, 32 cm wide at the bottom, and 19 cm at the top. Stele inscriptions Sriwijaya City Limestone is first discovered, long before a new inscription Kedukan Bukit was found on November 29, 1920, and Talang Tuo Inscription found a few days earlier ie on 17 November 1920. Kota Kapur Inscription, along with other archaeological discoveries in the area, are relics of the Srivijaya and open up new insights about the days of Hindu- Buddhism in those days. This inscription is also opening an overview of patterns of people living in the 6th century and the 7th century against the background of Hinduism and Buddhism.

Ambil Saweran