NATIONAL MUSEUM
Elephant Museum or the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia is one manifestation of European influence, especially the spirit of the Enlightenment, which appears at about age 18. This building was built in 1862 by the Dutch Government under Governor-General JCM Radermacher in response to the association Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen aimed at reviewing the scientific research diHindia Netherlands. The museum was inaugurated in 1868, but the institutional forerunner of the Museum was born in 1778, precisely on 24 April, at the time of formation Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen by the Dutch government. Radermacher donate a building located at Jalan Kalibesar along with a collection of books and cultural objects that form the basis for the establishment of the museum.
In the reign of England under the leadership of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1811-1816), who also serves as Director of Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen ordered the construction of a new building located on Jalan Majapahit 3. This building was used as a museum and meeting rooms for the Literary Society (formerly named "Societeit de Harmonie".) Building is now located at the State Secretariat complex.
In 1862, after fulfilling the museum collection at Jalan Majapahit, the Dutch East Indies government established a new building located at Jalan Merdeka Barat 12. This building was opened to the public in 1868. The National Museum is known as Museum Gajah since dihadiahkannya bronze statue of an elephant by King Chulalongkorn of Thailandpada 1871.But on May 28, 1979, its name officially became the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia. Then on 17 September1962, Indonesia Institute of Culture who managed, submitting to the government of the Republic of Indonesia Museum. Since then the museum management authorized by the Directorate General of History and Archaeology, under the Ministry of Education and Culture. But starting in 2005, the National Museum under the management of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
Notes on the website of the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia in 2001 showed that the collection has reached 109,342 pieces. The number of collections that make this museum is known as the most comprehensive in Indonesia. In 2006 the number already exceeds 140 000 collection pieces, but only a third that can be shown to the audience. The museum is located at Jalan Merdeka Barat.
Museum Gajah many of collecting ancient artifacts from around the archipelago. Among other things belonging to the collection are ancient statues, inscriptions, objects and other ancient craft items. The collection is categorized into the ethnography, bronze, prehistoric, ceramics, textiles, numismatic, historical relics, and precious objects.
INSCRIPTION Kanjuruhan (Dinoyo)
Information of a kingdom in Malang named Kanjuruhan obtained from Dinoyo Inscription. It contains inscriptions dating in candara sengkala which reads: nayana-vayu-raseyang Caka worth 682 or 760 AD. This inscription was found separately, is found in the top and bottom regions Dinoyo Merjosari area. The inscription was discovered by Laydie Melville in 1904.Then successfully translated by Poerbatjaraka in 1976.
Naming as "Inscription Dinoyo" it is wrong, which caused the first discovered is part of the three fragments of this inscription in the area Dinoyo. Though two other fragments found in Merjosari. Secondly, if true opinion Casparis (1946) that the inscription was originally from the village of Kejuron - a change from toponimi "Kanjuruhan", then it should be named "Inscription Kejuron" or "Inscription Kanjuruhan". Third, the inscription was issued by the king of the kingdom Kanjuruhan. Inscription Dinoyo can be practically unique in that it is written using the letters Old Javanese (Kawi) and the Sanskrit language. Kanjuruhan kingdom, if it refers to the year contained in the inscription Dinoyo (760 M), is contemporaneous with the Old Mataram in the reign of Rakai Panangkaran who ascended the throne in 760 years to replace Sanjaya.
In the inscription Dinoyo Kanjuruhan told the golden age of the Kingdom as follows: There is a kingdom led by the powerful and wise king by the name Dewasimha After King died succeeded by his son, who named the Liswa The famous Liswa Gajayana degree and maintain a large palace called Kanjuruhan The Liswa have a daughter who is referred to as the Uttiyana King Gajayana loved the brahmins and its people because it brings peace across the country King and his people to a glorious worship the Agastya With the king and the princes country Agastya (called sages) eliminate the disease King saw Agastya statue of his ancestor's wood Sandalwood Then the king commanded to make Agastya statue of a beautiful black stoneThe transcripts in Indonesian are as follows:
Selama tahun caka berjalan 682
Ada seorang raja bijasana dan sangat sakti, sang Dewasimha namanya. Ia menjaga keratonnya yang berkilau-kilauan disucikan api Putikecwara (yakni sang Ciwa).
Anakda yalah seorang liswa namanya, yang juga terkenal dengan nama Sang Gajayana, setelah ramanda pulang kembali ke swarga, maka sang Liswa-lah yang menjaga keratonnya yang besar, bernama Kanjuruhan.
Sang Liswa melahirkan seorang putrid yang oleh ramanda sang raja diberi nama sang Uttejana, seorang putrid kerajaan yang hendak meneruskan kulawarga ramanda yang bijaksana itu.
Sang raja Gajayana, yang memberi ketentraman kepada sekalian para Brahmana dan dicintai oleh rakyatnya, yalah bakti kepada yang mulia sang Agastya. Dengan sekalian pembesar negeri dan penduduknya ia membuat tempat (candi) sangat bagus bagi sang maharesi (Agastya) untuk membinasakan penyakit yang menghilangkan kekuatan (semangat).
Setelah ia melihat arca Agastya yang dibuat dari kayu cendana oleh nenek moyangda, maka raja murah hati dan pencipta kemasyuran ini memerintah kepada pelukis yang pandai untuk membuat (arca Agastya) dari batu hitam yang elok, supaya ia selalu dapat melihatnya.
Atas perintah sang raja yang sangat teguh budinya ini, maka (arca) sang Agastya yang juga bernama Kubhayoni didirikan (dengan upacara dan selamatan besar) oleh para ahli regweda, para ahli weda lain-lainnya, para brahmana besar, para pandita yang terkemulia dan para penduduk negeri yang ahli kepandaian lain-lainnya, pada tahun 682 Caka, bulan Margacirsa, hari Jumat tanggal 1 paro petang?
Dihadiahkan pula oleh sang raja sebagian tanah dengan sapi yang gemuk-gemuk serta sejumlah kerbau, dengan beberapa orang budak lelaki dan perempuan dan segala keperluan hidup para pandita yang terkemuka, seperti sabun pemandian, bahan untuk selamatan dan sajen-sajen; juga sebuah rumah besar yang sangat penuh (perabotan) untuk penginapan para brahmana tetamu dengan disediakan pakaian, tempat tidur, pada jawawut dan lain-lain.
Manakala ada kulawarga (kerajaan) atau anak-raja dan sekalian para pembesar negeri bermaksud melanggar atau berbuat jahat, berdosa tidak mengindahkan (peraturan) hadiah sang raja ini, moga-moga mereka jatuh ke dalam neraka; janganlah mereka mendapat nasib yang mulia, baik dalam akhirat maupun dunia.
(Sebaliknya) mana kala kulawarga sang raja, yang girang akan terkembangnya hadiah itu, mengindahkannya dengan pikiran yang suci, melakukan penghormatan kepada brahmana dan berbuat ibadah, maka karena berkat selamatan kebaikan dan kemurahan itu haraplah mereka menjaga kerajaan yang tak bandingkan ini seperti sang raja menjaganya.
Information from the inscriptions on the name of the kingdom with its king named Dewasimha Kanjuruhan who has a son who later named himself king menggamntikan Liswa Gajayana title. Then have a daughter named Uttejana Gajayana.
In addition to the above genealogy of the royal family, the inscription Dinoyo also provide information about the construction of sacred buildings dedicated to the sage Agstya. This is the uniqueness of the Kingdom Kanjuruhan. Unlike other Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, which generally make a shrine (temple) to the god Shiva, Vishnu, or Brahma. Based on the inscription of the king Dinoyo Gajayana Agastya worship and honor Agstya thus changing the sandalwood statue of Agastya into a shiny black stone.Gajayana then ordered the to build a shrine for Sage Agastya.
According Poerbatjaraka in his dissertation (1926) in India, Southeast Asia or in the archipelago, Agastya is positioned in a special way. Therefore, the mythological Agastya described as "culture hero" who was instrumental in developing Siwaisme from northwestern India to the south, for which Agastya Samodra have to drink water until exhausted. Myths about the expansion of Hinduism to the south by crossing the sea, according to Poerbatjaraka can be used as guidance on further expansion of Hinduism (Brahmanism) to the archipelago. In this case, Agastya has found its way into the archipelago sea. Indeed sage Agastya was one of the disciples (sisya) of Shiva. Among the disciples of Shiva, even among the seven principal receipts (saptarsi) student Shiva, Agastya is the most important.Because of these virtues, then Maharsi Agastya is often conceived of "representative" of Shiva in the world. In fact, Agastya identified with Shiva, Shiva primarily as Grand Master.
Shrine or temple to Agastya is not known for certain. Some scholars equate this building with the Temple Clowns Clown in situ in the village. But there is a peculiarity in this temple. Inside there Grha grba phallus and yoni, which is the symbol of Lord Shiva. Besides this temple is a characteristic feature of royal Hindu temple which is pendharmaan a king. And also the statue of Agastya was placed in the recesses of the temple that is now northern statue was not in situ. Actually there is the possibility of building to Agastya are located in Coral Besuki site that is located not far from the Temple Clown.This site is a reuntuhan temple. But unfortunately there is no clue to answer where the building to Agastya.
History Kanjuruhan Kingdom is experiencing disconnection. In written sources such as inscriptions do not mention sustainability Dinoyo Kanjuruhan Kingdom during Uttejana, daughter of Gajayana. New no information about that on the stele Watukura Kanjuruhan Balitung Dyah.Maybe then the capital of the kingdom Kanjuruhan Malangditaklukkan by Mataram in Central Java and its ruler is considered as a subordinate king with the title Rakryan Kanuruhan. This title began to appear in the inscriptions Watukura Dyah Balitung and very important position in the reign of Airlangga Dharmawangsa and Kadiri era.
In addition to the above genealogy of the royal family, the inscription Dinoyo also provide information about the construction of sacred buildings dedicated to the sage Agstya. This is the uniqueness of the Kingdom Kanjuruhan. Unlike other Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, which generally make a shrine (temple) to the god Shiva, Vishnu, or Brahma. Based on the inscription of the king Dinoyo Gajayana Agastya worship and honor Agstya thus changing the sandalwood statue of Agastya into a shiny black stone.Gajayana then ordered the to build a shrine for Sage Agastya.
According Poerbatjaraka in his dissertation (1926) in India, Southeast Asia or in the archipelago, Agastya is positioned in a special way. Therefore, the mythological Agastya described as "culture hero" who was instrumental in developing Siwaisme from northwestern India to the south, for which Agastya Samodra have to drink water until exhausted. Myths about the expansion of Hinduism to the south by crossing the sea, according to Poerbatjaraka can be used as guidance on further expansion of Hinduism (Brahmanism) to the archipelago. In this case, Agastya has found its way into the archipelago sea. Indeed sage Agastya was one of the disciples (sisya) of Shiva. Among the disciples of Shiva, even among the seven principal receipts (saptarsi) student Shiva, Agastya is the most important.Because of these virtues, then Maharsi Agastya is often conceived of "representative" of Shiva in the world. In fact, Agastya identified with Shiva, Shiva primarily as Grand Master.
Shrine or temple to Agastya is not known for certain. Some scholars equate this building with the Temple Clowns Clown in situ in the village. But there is a peculiarity in this temple. Inside there Grha grba phallus and yoni, which is the symbol of Lord Shiva. Besides this temple is a characteristic feature of royal Hindu temple which is pendharmaan a king. And also the statue of Agastya was placed in the recesses of the temple that is now northern statue was not in situ. Actually there is the possibility of building to Agastya are located in Coral Besuki site that is located not far from the Temple Clown.This site is a reuntuhan temple. But unfortunately there is no clue to answer where the building to Agastya.
History Kanjuruhan Kingdom is experiencing disconnection. In written sources such as inscriptions do not mention sustainability Dinoyo Kanjuruhan Kingdom during Uttejana, daughter of Gajayana. New no information about that on the stele Watukura Kanjuruhan Balitung Dyah.Maybe then the capital of the kingdom Kanjuruhan Malangditaklukkan by Mataram in Central Java and its ruler is considered as a subordinate king with the title Rakryan Kanuruhan. This title began to appear in the inscriptions Watukura Dyah Balitung and very important position in the reign of Airlangga Dharmawangsa and Kadiri era.
